Introduction
In this measurement, students find the directional distribution of muon track in CMS. They are searching for:
- anomalies in the distribution that might indicate a bias in the detector or in the data
- clues to how particles that result from collisions behave in CMS and the LHC.
Students should be divided into small groups. Each group should have a tally sheet. They should study the sheet before beginning.
Student Procedure
- Work with a partner teams of two are best for this measurement.
- Open iSpy-online and find the masterclass-2015 data. View the screencast for help.
- Choose the dataset assigned by your teacher. If you do not have a teacher or a physicist working with you, e-mail us for assistance choosing a dataset - the sooner the better.
- Advance through the events, only stopping for dimuons. Dimuon events have two long tracks that pass into to blue muon chambers in one or both of the two views. All else is treated as background.
- For each dimuon event, look at each muon track in the forward (x-y) view on the left and measure angle PHI from the +x axis. PHI runs all the way around the beamline (z axis) from 0 to 360 degrees. Then switch to the side (y-z) view on the right and measure angle THETA in the same way for each muon track. THETA runs from 0 to 180 degrees either clockwise or anti-clockwise from the +z axis, whichever is the shortest path to the track. Note that you will need a protractor to make the measurement and that you should be careful to measure the angle in x-y from the tangent to the curvature of the track closest to the vertex or center of the event. (There is another way but it requires some manipulation and calculation.)
- Place tick marks for each angle measured in the tally sheet, using the closest values that appear in the sheet. (For example, 17 degrees is closest to 10 and 23 degrees is closest to 30.) This will allow us to record numbers of events in bins representing 20 degree intervals.
- When you are finished with your dataset, add up the number of tick marks in each bin of PHI and each bin of THETA and make a histogram of each on the second page (or reverse side) of your tally sheet sheet,
- Prepare to report your results to the class.
Teacher Procedure:
- Before you start, Open the W2D2 Report (Google) Spreadsheet and go to the CMS tab. Read the warnings!
- Look at the datasets other school groups have already selected for their measurements in column D. While some overlpa may be inevitable, try to select datasets for your students that are as little used as possible.
- Help students as they work from the Student Procedure above.
- As they finish, they should add their numbers to classroom histograms of PHI and THETA.
- Record the same final numbers from your class histogram in your line of the W2D2 Report Spreadsheet in clumns E-AF. Note that the numbers in line 8, columns E-AF, are the angles in the center of each 20 degree bin.
- Be sure to record your dataset in column D.
- Take a look at (but do not edit or interfere with) the plots at the bottom of the page in the spreadsheet (scroll down to line 158). Discuss results you see in class or in your group. Prepare questions for your videoconference.
- Connect to the videooonference via Vidyo at the World Wide Data Day 2017 Indico page.
Images:
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